Unit 4: Switch it off

Vocabulary

_{Switch on (v.) to turn on an electric light or apparatus.}
_{Switch off(v.) to turn off an electric light or apparatus.}
_{Sleep (n.) a period of the natural resting state of unconsciousness of the body.}
_{Sleep (v.) to rest in sleep.}
_{Read (v.) to look at and understand something printed or written.}
_{Study (v.) to spend time in learning a subject.}
_{Practise (v.) to do an action or perform on a musical instrument regularly or repeatedly in order to gain skill.}
_{Practice (n.) a regularly repeated performance or exercise in order to gain skill in an activity.}
_{Spectator (n.) a person who watches especially an event or sport without taking parts.}
_{Audience (n.) the people listening to or watching a performance, speech, television show.}
_{Viewer (n.) a person watching a television.}
_{Activity (n.) movement, action, the state of being active.}
_{Positive (adj.) allowing no room for doubt, definite.}
_{Passive (adj.) not active, influenced by outside forces but not doing anything.}
_{Cycling (n.) to ride a bike.}
_{Program (n.) a plan of the operations to be performed by a computer when dealing with a set of facts.}
_{Amount of (n.) a quantity or sum.}
_{Spend time (v.) to pass or use time.}
_{Spend money (v.) to give out in payment.}
_{Homework (n.) schoolwork such as essays which is done outside the classroom.}
_{Connection (n.) the act of connecting.}
_{Connect (v.) to join, unite, link.}
_{Fit (adj.) right and suitable.}
_{Magazine (n.) a sort of book with a paper cover, which contains writing, photographs and advertisements usually on a special subject or for certain group of people and which is printed every week or month.}
_{Improve (v.) to cause to become better.}
_{Discover (v.) to find something existing but not known before, to find out.}
_{Discoverer (n.) the one who finds something existing but not known before.}
_{Discovery (n.) the event of discovering.}
_{Campaign (n.) a connected set of military, political, or business actions intended to obtain a particular result.}
_{Anti-social (adj.) against human society or its organization.}
_{Dangerous (adj.) able to or likely to cause danger.}
_{Danger (n.) the possibility of harm or loss.}
_{Publish (v.) to choose, arrange, have printed and offer for sale to the public a book, magazine, newspaper.}
_{Persuade (v.) to cause to do something by reasoning, arguing, begging, convince.}
_{Give up (v.) to stop having or doing, to stop working at or trying to do something.}
_{Extract (n.) a product obtained by extracting.}
_{Extract (v.) to pull or take out, often with difficulty.}
_{Average (n.) the amount found by adding together several quantities and then dividing by the number of quantities.}
_{Corner (n.) the inside or outside of the point at which two lines, surfaces, or edges meet.}
_{Stare at (v.) to look fixedly at with wide-open eyes, as in wonder, fear, anger, or deep thought.}
_{Equal (adj.) the same in size, number, value, rank.}
_{Nearly (adv.) almost, not far from, but not quite.}
_{Really (adv.) in fact, truly.}
_{Waste (v.) to use wrongly, not use, or use too much of.}
_{Accept (v.) to take or receive something offered or given, to believe, admit.}
_{Glad (adj.) pleased and happy.}
_{Double (adj.) in two parts, two together.}
_{Amazed (adj.) very surprised.}
_{Amazing (adj.) making someone feel very surprised.}
_{Friendship (n.) a relationship in which two people are friends.}
_{Education (n.) the process of learning or the knowledge that you get at school or college.}
_{Human (n.) man, woman, child.}
_{Excitement (n.) the feeling of being excited.}
_{Excited (adj.) happy, interested or hopeful because something good has happened or is expected.}
_{Experiment (n.) a scientific test done to find out if a new idea of method is effective.}
_{Descendant (n.) someone who is related to a person who lived long ago.}
_{Instead of (adv.) in the place of someone or something else.}
_{Assume (v.) to think that something is true although you have no proof.}
_{Remote control (n.) the use of radio waves to control something such as a television from a distance.}
_{Shocked (adj.) very surprised.}
_{Plain (n.) a large area of flat land.}
_{Defeat (v.) to win a game, battle, or election against someone, beat.}
_{Nearby (adj.) not far away.}
_{Race (n.) a competition in which people try to run, drive, ride faster than each other.}
_{Marathon (n.) a 26-mile running race, any activity that tests one’s power over a long time.}
_{Distance (n.) the amount of separation in space or time.}
_{Victory (n.) act of winning or state of having won (in war or in any kind of struggle)}
_{Length (n.) the measurement or distance from one end to the other.}
_{Event (n.) a happening, usually an important one.}
_{Shepherd (n.) a man or boy who takes care of sheep in the fields.}
_{Runner (n.) a person who runs, especially in a race or as a sport.}
_{Fitness (n.) the state of being fit in body.}
_{Stamina (n.) the strength of body or mind to fight tiredness , illness, power to keep going.}
_{Nowadays (adv.) at the present time.}
_{Major (adj.) greater when compared with others, in size, number, or importance.}
_{Minor (adj.) lesser or smaller in degree, size, of little importance.}
_{Slice (n.) a thin flat piece cut from something.}
_{Intervening (v.) to interrupt something especially to prevent a bad result. To happen between events.}
_{Annual (adj.) happening every year or once a year.}
_{Half-way (adj./adv.) at the mid point between two things.}
_{Base(n.) the part of a thing on which the thing stands, the bottom.}
_{Take place (v.) happen.}
_{Century (n.) a period of 100 years.}
_{Phantom (n.) a shadowy likeness of a dead person, ghost.}
_{Tradition (n.) the passing down of opinions, beliefs, practices, customs, from the past to the present. Traditional (adj.) traditionally (adv.)}
_{Article(n.) a piece of writing on a particular subject in a news paper, magazine.}
_{Petrol station (n.) a building that is a centre for petrol service.}
_{Strengthen (v.) to make or become stronger.}
_{Muscles (n.) the pieces of elastic material in the body which can lighten to produce movement especially bending of the joints.}
_{Affect (v.) to cause some results or change in , influence.}
_{Effect (n.) a result.}
_{Nuclear (adj.) using the nucleus of an atom, atomic energy.}
_{Circulation of the blood (n.) the movement of blood through the body.}
_{Equivalent (adj.) same, equal.}
_{Breathe (v.) to take air into lungs and send it out again.}
_{Respiratory system (n.) connecting with breathing.}
_{Compress (v) to force a substance into less space, press together.}
_{Repetitive (adj.) containing parts that are said or done too many times.}
_{Pound (v.) to crush into a soft mass or powder by striking repeatedly with a heavy object.}
_{Cramp (n.) sever pain from the sudden tightening of a muscle, which makes movement difficult.}
_{Blister (n.) a thin swelling under the skin caused by rubbing, burning.}
_{Stride (v.) to walk with long steps or cross with one long steps.}

What is the white Dot Campaign?

_{White Dot is an anti-television campaign group which thinks the television as anti-social and dangerous. The group has published a book which aims to persuade people to give up watching television. The following text is an extract.}

Get A Life - Turn Off Your TV Set

_{The average time that people spend watching TV is four hours a day- in other words, more than one day a week. People spend a day a week doing nothing but staring at a box in the corner of the room.}

_{Add it up. One day a week equals 52 days a year- nearly two months. In your lifetime, that means more than ten years! Do you really want to waste ten years of your life staring at a box? At the end of your life, if someone offered to give you back those missing ten years, would you accept their offer? Or would you say : “ no thanks, I’m glad I spent that time watching TV”?}

_{If you give up watching TV, you double you’re your free time. All you have to do is turn it off- it’s that easy! You’ll be amazed at what happens next. You have an extra ten years to do what you want to do.}

_{What do you get from television? Excitement? Friendship? Education? A plastic box can’t give you any of these things.}

_{So switch it off!}

_{One day, people will look back on television and say ’that was a really dangerous experiment on human guinea pigs’. Your descendants won’t have anything to do with it. Instead of saying: ‘Wow! We almost didn’t live through it! They’ll be shocked at what you did with your time.}

_{To help you decide, use the chart below. Assuming that you live to be 80, it can tell you how much of your future life you’ll spend watching television. Cut it out and tape it to your TV remote control.}

_{This chart tells you how many of your remaining years will be spent watching TV}
_{Your Age}	₀	₁₀	₁₅	₂₀	₃₀	₄₀	₅₀	₆₀	₇₀
_{Years Left}	₈₀	₇₀	₆₅	₆₀	₅₀	₄₀	₃₀	₂₀	₁₀
_{TV years Left}	_13.3	_11.7	_10.9	₁₀	_8.3	_6.7	₅	_3.3	_1.7

_{Answer the following questions:}

_{1-What is the campaign’s main reason for suggesting that we stop watching television?}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{2- What predictions does it make about people’s attitudes to TV in the future?}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{3- Do you think the statics in the chart are true about you now?}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{4- Will they be true in the future?}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

Write an essay with the following title:

The advantages and disadvantages of television,

_{………………………………………………………………………}

Verbs which are followed by (to +v.inf) or (v.ing)

_{to + v.inf}

_v.ing

Agree يوافق

Disagree يرفض

Arrange يرتب

Ask يسأل

Choose يختار

Dare يجرؤ

Decide يقرر

Expect يتوقع

Fail يفشل

Hesitate يتردد

Hope يأمل / يرجو

Intend ينوي

Manage يتمكن / يقدر

Mean يقصد / يعني

Offer يعرض

Prepare يعد/ يجهز

Pretend يتظاهر

Promise يوعد

Propose ينوي/ يقترح

Refuse يرفض

Seem يبدو

Want يريد

Wish يتمنى

Consent يوافق

_{Admit يعترف}

_{Avoid يتجنب}

_{Consider يعتبر}

_{Delay يؤجل}

_{Deny ينكر}

_{Love يحب}

_{Hate يكره}

_{Enjoy يتمتع}

_{Escape يهرب}

_{Finish ينهي}

_{Stop يتوقف}

_{Help يساعد}

_{Go يذهب}

_{Imagine يتخيل}

_{Mention يذكر}

_{Mind يمانع}

_{Miss يفتقد}

_{Postpone يؤجل}

_{Practise يمارس}

_{Resent يستاء}

_{Suggest يقترح}

_{Risk يخاطر}

_{Give up يقلع/ يتخلى عن}

_{Put off يؤجل}

_{He decided to stay.}

_{She suggested going out.}

Rewrite these sentences starting with a gerund:

_{1- It’s very expensive to travel by air.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{2- It’s forbidden to smoke in class.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{3- It isn’t easy to lose weight.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{4- A good way of making time pass quickly is to read a book.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{5- Don’t eat too much fats; it’s not good for your health.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{Join the following sentences using (to+v.inf)}

_{1-I have to go to the bank. I want to change money.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{2-I am saving some money. I want to go to USA.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{3- She is wearing two pullovers. She wants to keep warm.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{4- I didn’t have enough time. I wanted to buy the newspaper.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}

_{5- He is studying hard. He wants to go to college.}

_{………………………………………………………………………}