Unit 5 Ernest Hemingway

Knowledge معرفة

Knowledgeable ذو معرفة واسعة

Indoor داخلية

Outdoor خارجية

camp معسكر

Camping التخييم

Wounded مجروح/ مصاب

Fiction خيال/ قصص خيالية

During أثناء

Poem قصيدة

Poet شاعر

Poetry الشعر

Literature الأدب

War حرب

The first world war الحرب العالمية الأولي

Prize جائزة

The Nobel prize جائزة نوبل

Novel رواية

Novelist روائي

Journalist صحفي

Writer كاتب

Exciting مثير

Talented موهوب

Extremely للغاية

Ordinary عادي

Quite هادئ

Childhood طفولة

Reader قارئ

Compare يقارن

Farewell وداعاً

Popular شائع/ معروف

Apprentice صبي مهنه

Catch- caught يمسك

Parents والدين

Fisherman صياد

Sail يبحر

Sailing ابحار

Sailor بحار

Bait طعم

Pull يجذب

Push يدفع

Continue يستمر

Fishingline صنارة

Pain ألم

Tired متعب

Manage يدير

Huge ضخم

Shark سمك قرش

Attack يهاجم

Kill يقتل

Remain يظل

Skeleton هيكل عظمي

Exhausted منهك

Worried قلق

Desert صحراء

Headlines عناويين

Idea فكرة

Climb يتسلق

Mountain جبل

Flag علم

Completely تماماً

Promise يوعد

Nature طبيعة

Reason سبب

Furious شديد الغضب

Angry غاضب

Frightening مخيف

Terrifying مرعوب

Mount Everest جبل افرست

According to طبقا لـ

Newspaper جريدة

Fight يقاتل

Against ضد

Character شخصية

Vocabulary

_{^{Knowledge (n.) information that someone knows about something.}}
_{^{Knowledgeable (adj.) someone who is knowledgeable about something knows a lot about it.}}
_{^{Indoor (adj.) covered by a building or happening inside a building.}}
_{^{Outdoor (adj.) not covered by a building or happening outside a building.}}
_{^{Camp (n.)a place where people stay in tents for a short time.}}
_{^{Camping (n.) to stay for a short time and do special activities.}}
_{^{Wounded (adj.) when a part of the body is damaged by a weapon.}}
_{^{Fiction (n.) books and stories about imaginary people and events.}}
_{^{During (prep.) all through a period of time.}}
_{^{Poem (n.) a piece of writing that is written in short lines, especially using words that Rhyme (have similar sounds at the end)}}
_{^{Poet (n.) someone who writes poems.}}
_{^{Poetry (n.) the art of writing poems.}}
_{^{Literature (n.) books, poems, plays that are considered to be very good and important.}}
_{^{War (n.) a long period of fighting between the armies of two or more countries in many different places.}}
_{^{Prize (n.) something that is given to someone who is successful in a competition, race.}}
_{^{Novel (n.) a long written story usually about characters and events that are not real.}}
_{^{Novelist (n.) someone who writes novels.}}
_{^{Story (n.) a description of a series of real or imaginary events which is told or written to entertain people.}}
_{^{Journalist (n.) someone who writes reports for newspapers, magazines, television or radio.}}
_{^{Exciting (adj.) making you feel excited.}}
_{^{Writer (n.) someone who writes books, stories.}}
_{^{Talented (adj.) having the natural ability to do something well.}}
_{^{Extremely (adv.) to a very great degree.}}
_{^{Ordinary (adj.) not especial, unusual or different from other things.}}
_{^{Quite (adv.) fairly, completely.}}
_{^{Childhood (n.) the time when you are a child.}}
_{^{Reader (n.) someone who reads a particular book, newspaper.}}
_{^{Compare (v.) to examine two or more things in order to find out how they are similar or different.}}
_{^{Farewell (n.) formal goodbye.}}
_{^{Popular (adj.) liked by a lot of people.}}
_{^{Apprentice (n.) someone who works for an employer for an agreed amount of time in order to learn a skill.}}
_{^{Catch (v.) to stop someone from escaping by running after them and holding them.}}
_{^{Parents (n.) someone’s father or mother.}}
_{^{Fisherman (n.) a man who catches fish as a job or a sport.}}
_{^{Sail (v.) to travel across water in a boat or a ship.}}
_{^{Sailing (n.) the activity of sailing in boats.}}
_{^{Sailor (n.) someone who sails on boats or ships, especially as a job.}}
_{^{Bait (n.) food used to attract fish or animals so that you can catch them.}}
_{^{Pull (v.) to hold something firmly and move it towards you or move it in a particular direction.}}
_{^{Push (v.) to make someone or something move away from you by pressing with your hands.}}
_{^{Continue (v.) to keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.}}
_{^{Fishing line= fishing rod (n.) a long thin stick with a long string and a hook tied to it, used for catching fish.}}
_{^{Pain (n.) the feeling you have when part of your body hurts.}}
_{^{Tired (adj.) feeling that you want to sleep or rest.}}
_{^{Manage (v.) to succeed in doing something difficult.}}
_{^{Huge (adj.) extremely large.}}
_{^{Shark (n.) a large sea fish with very sharp teeth.}}
_{^{Attack (v.) to use violence against a person or a place.}}
_{^{Kill (v.) to make someone die.}}
_{^{Remain (v.) to continue in the same way or condition.}}
_{^{Skeleton (n.) the structure consisting of all the bones in a human or animal body.}}
_{^{Exhausted (adj.) extremely tired.}}
_{^{Worried (adj.) not feeling happy or relaxed because you keep thinking about a problem or something that might happen.}}
_{^{Completely (adv.) in every way, totally.}}
_{^{Promise (v.) to say that you will definitely do something or that something will definitely happen.}}
_{^{Promise (n.) a statement that you will definitely do something or that something will definitely happen.}}
_{^{Nature (n.) everything that exists in the world that is not made or controlled by humans such as animals, plants, weather.}}
_{^{Reason (n.) the fact that explains why something happens or exists.}}
_{^{Furious (adj.) very angry.}}
_{^{Angry (adj.) feel a strong emotion because someone has behaved badly to you or a situation is wrong or unfair.}}
_{^{Frightening (adj.) making you feel afraid.}}
_{^{Terrifying (adj.) making you very frightened.}}
_{^{According to (prep.) in the way that has been planned or in a way that obeys the rules.}}
_{^{Newspaper (n.) a set of folded sheets of paper containing news, advertisements, that is sold daily or weekly.}}
_{^{Fight (v.) hit or kill each other.}}
_{^{Against (prep.) opposed to or disagreeing with an idea, plan, system.}}
_{^{Character (n.) all of the qualities that make a person, place or thing different from any other.}}
_{^{Desert (n.) a large area of hot , dry land where not much grows.}}
_{^{Headlines (n.) the titles of newspaper reports, printed in large letters.}}
_{^{Idea (n.) a plan or suggestion especially one you think of suddenly.}}
_{^{Climb (v.) to move up or down towards the top of something.}}
_{^{Mountain (n.) a very high hill.}}
_{^{Flag (n.) a piece of cloth with a coloured picture or pattern on it used as the sign of a country or as a signal.}}

Listening

Listen and complete:

Listen to a radio program about Ernest Hemingway and correct the mistakes:

a) Ernest Hemingway was born in New York in 1899.

…………………………………………………………………………….……………………………

b) His father was a doctor and his mother was an English teacher.

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c) During the First World War in Italy, Hemingway drove a bus.

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d) In 1922, he went to Paris where he worked as a doctor.

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e) His first poem was called A Farewell to Arms.

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f) The Old Man and the Sea was longer than his other novels.

…………………………………………………………………………….……………………………

g) Hemingway won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1943.

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h) Hemingway died in 1960.

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Reading

The Old Man and the Sea

An old fisherman, Santiago, and his young apprentice, Manolin, had not caught a fish for nearly three months. Manolin had been told by his parents to work with a more successful fisherman. But Manolin liked the old man and visited him every evening to talk to him.

After 84 days with no fish, Santiago was sure he would catch something if he sailed a long way out to sea. So, on the 85^th day, the old man set off alone. By 12 o’clock on the first day, a big fish- a marlin- had taken Santiago’s bait. But because the old man was not strong enough to pull it to the boat, the marlin pulled the boat along. This continued for two days and nights. The old man was in great pain because he had the fishing line round his body.

On the third day, the marlin was so tired that the old man managed to pull it out the side of the boat and kill it. He started to sail home, pulling the fish in the water behind the boat. He thought about how much money people would pay for his huge fish , but then sharks attacked the boat and tried to eat the marlin. The old man killed seven sharks, but during the night more sharks came and ate the marlin. Only its skeleton remained.

When he got back home, it was very early morning. The old man was completely exhausted and went to bed. The other fisherman found Santiago’s boat with the fish skeleton. Mandolin was worried about Santiago but was glad to find him sleeping at home. He brought him coffee and newspapers, and the two men promised they would go fishing together again one day.

Read and order:

Read the story and put these events into the correct order:

a Manolin brought Santiago some coffee.

b Manolin’s parents told him to go fishing with other fishermen.

c Some fishermen found the skeleton of the marlin.

d The fish pulled the boat along.

e The marlin took the bait.

f The old man killed seven sharks.

g The old man killed the marlin.

h The old man sailed out to sea.

i The sharks ate the marlin.

Read and answer:

Read the story and answer the questions:

a) Who is Manolin?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Why didn’t the old man cut the fishing line?

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c) What does this part of the story tell us about the old man’s character?

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d) Why do you think the old man went fishing alone?

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e) What does this story show us about people like Santiago?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) For how long was the old man at sea before he caught a fish?

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g) Why did the old man kill seven sharks?

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h) Why do you think the old man was sure he would catch something if he sailed a long way?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

i) Why do you think Manolin stayed with the old man?

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j) Do you think they ever went fishing again?

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k) Is the old man happy or unhappy at the end? Give your reasons.

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Speaking

Talk about someone’s fight against nature.

You can imagine the situation or speak about a story you have read recently.

Writing

Write a summary of a story about a person’s fight against nature.

· Think of a true story.

· Think of your own story.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Grammar

Adjectives and adverbs of degree

Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb.

Common adverbs of degree:

Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.

Adverbs of degree are usually placed:

1) Before the adjective or adverb they are modifying:
ex) The water was extremely cold.

2) Before the main verb:
ex) He was just leaving. She has almost finished.

Examples

· She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.

· They are completely exhausted from the trip.

· I am too tired to go out tonight.

· He hardly noticed what she was saying.

Enough, very, too

Enough as an adverb meaning 'to the necessary degree' goes after adjectives and adverbs.

Examples

· Is your coffee hot enough? (adjective)

· He didn't work hard enough. (adverb)

Enough also goes before nouns, and means 'as much as is necessary'. In this case it is not an adverb, but a 'determiner'.

Examples

· We have enough bread.

· They don't have enough food.

Too as an adverb meaning 'more than is necessary or useful' goes before adjectives and adverbs.

· This coffee is too hot. (adjective)

· He works too hard. (adverb)

Enough and toowith adjectives can be followed by 'for someone/something'.

Examples

· The dress was big enough for me.

· She's not experienced enough for this job.

· The coffee was too hot for me.

· The dress was too small for her.

We can also use 'to + infinitive' after enough and too with adjectives/adverb.

Examples

· The coffee was too hot todrink.

· He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.

· She's not old enough toget married.

· You're too young tohave grandchildren!

Very goes before an adverb or adjective to make it stronger.

Examples

· The girl was verybeautiful. (adjective)

· He worked veryquickly. (adverb)

If we want to make a negative form of an adjective or adverb, we can use a word of opposite meaning, or not very.

Examples

· The girl was ugly OR The girl was not verybeautiful

· He worked slowly OR He didn'twork veryquickly.

BECAREFULThere is a big difference between tooand very.

· Very expresses a fact:

He speaks veryquickly.

· Too suggests there is a problem:

He speaks tooquickly (for me to understand).

Other adverbs like very

These common adverbs are used like very and not very, and are listed in order of strength, from positive to negative:

extremely, especially, particularly, pretty, rather, quite, fairly, rather, not especially, not particularly.

Note:rather can be positive or negative, depending on the adjective or adverb that follows:

Positive:The teacher was rathernice.

Negative:The film was ratherdisappointing.

Note on inversion with negative adverbs

Normally the subject goes before the verb:

SUBJECT	VERB
I She	left goes

However, some negative adverbs can cause an inversion - the order is reversed and the verb goes before the subject

Examples

I have never seen such courage. Never have I seen such courage.

She rarely left the house. Rarely did she leave the house.

Negativeinversion is used in writing, not in speaking.

Other adverbs and adverbial expressions that can be used like this:

seldom, scarcely, hardly, not only .....
but also, no sooner .....
than, not until, under no circumstances.

Adjectives

* تنقسم الصفات إلى1- صفات عادية (regular adjectives)و التي تنقسم إلى صفات قصيرة(one syllable) و صفات طويلة(more than one syllable)؛ 2- صفات شاذة(irregular adjectives

Short Adjectives

*هذا النوع من الصفات تتكون فيه الصفة من مقطع واحد أو one syllable.

Ex) short tall thin fat nice big

Long Adjectives

* هذا النوع من الصفات تتكون فيه الصفة من أكثر من مقطع more than one syllable.

Ex) expensive wonderful polite careful interesting

Superlative

Comparative

Adjective

Adjectives

The smallest

The safest

Smaller than

Safer than

Small

Safe

One syllable

The most beautiful

The most careful

More beautiful than

More careful than

Beautiful

careful

More than one syllable

* اذا كانت الصفات متساوية في حالة المقارنة فاننا نستخدمas inf. as

Ex) Using the internet is as easy as using the internet.

Irregular Adjectives

* الصفات الشاذة لا تنطبق عليها نفس القواعد التي نطبقها على الصفات العادية ولذلك سنقدم فيما يليبعض الصفات الشاذة:

Superlative	Comparative	Adjectives
The best	better	good
The worst	worse	bad
The most	more	much/many
The least	less	little
The farthest	farther	far
The foremost	former	fore
The uppermost	upper	up
The inmost	inner	in
The outmost	outer	out

* يتم مضاعفة الحرف الأخير في الصفة إذا سبقه حرف علة (vowels){a,e,i,o,u}

Ex) big: bigger, the biggest hot: hotter, the hottest

Examples

1-Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.

2-That film is really boring.

3-She is a nice person.

4-Let’s go by car. It’s cheaper.

5-You are older than me.

6-You are more patient than me.

7-Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure that you can do better.

8-Football is the most popular game in Europe.

9-That player over there is the worst I’ve ever seen.

10-Motels are not as expensive as hotels.

Exercise

*Complete the sentences using the comparative or superlative form of adjectives:

a- We stayed at (cheap) hotel in the town.

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b- Our hotel was(cheap) than all the others in the town.

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c- The united states is very large but Canada is(large).……………………………………………………………………………..

d- What is(long) river in the world?

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e- He was depressed yesterday but he looks(happy) today.

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f- It was an awful day. It was(bad) day of my life.

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g- What is (popular) sport in your country?

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h- Everest is(high) mountain in the world. It is (high) than any other mountain.

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i-I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s (comfortable).

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j- What’s (quick) way of getting from here to the station?

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Which adjective in each pair is stronger?

1) Angry/ furious

2) Exhausted/ tired

3) Frightening/terrifying

Choose the correct word:

1) I’ve worked hard today. I’m very (tired/ exhausted).

2) I haven’t slept for three nights. I’m absolutely (tired/ exhausted).

3) He was absolutely (angry/ furious) when someone stole his car.

4) Our plane nearly crashed. It was really (frightening/ terrifying).

5) I found that film rather (frightening / terrifying).

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB

THE DIFFERENCE

An adjective tells us more about a noun.

Example: an expensive car, a clever girl

An adverb tells us more about a verb.

Example: He talked nervously.

HOW TO FORM THE ADVERB

Adjective + ly

sad	sadly	quiet	quietly
nervous	nervously	soft	softly

Adjectives ending in -y »»» ily

happy

happily

angry

angrily

Adjectives ending in le »»» ly

terrible

terribly

capable

capably

Adjectives ending in ly

friendly	in a friendly way / manner	daily	daily
lively	in a lively way / manner	early	early
lonely	in a lonely way / manner	monthly	monthly
lovely	in a lovely way / manner	weekly	weekly
silly	in a silly way / manner	yearly	yearly

Irregular forms

good	well	low	low
fast	fast	straight	straight
hard	hard	extra	extra
long	long	doubtless	doubtless

Double forms

hard	hard	hardly
near	near	nearly
late	late	lately