Modernحديث                                         Ancient قديم                                           Wondersعجائب                                      Invent يخترع                                          Inventorمخترع                                       Inventionاختراع                                       Pollutionتلوث                                        Importantمهم                                         Opinionرأي                                           Agreeيوافق                                            Disagreeيرفض                                      Refer to يشير إلى                                    Superlative adjectivesصفات التفضيل           Tower برج                                            Photographتصوير                                  Inside داخل                                            Outsideخارج                                         Patient مريض                                         Machineاّلة                                           Heart قلب                                              Bright ساطع                                            Danger خطر                                          Communicateيتصل

Communication اتصال                             Electricityكهرباء                                      Personal computerكمبيوتر شخصي              Stationمحطة                                           Damageتلف                                             Lighthouse منارة                                      Connect يتصل                                         Enormousضخم                                        Spaceفضاء                                               Farmingزراعة                                         Produceينتج                                           Statueتمثال                                             Possibleممكن                                         Impossibleغير ممكن                                  Addيضيف                                              Billفاتورة                                                Shoppingتسوق                                       Ordinaryعادي                                         Extra-ordinaryغير عادي                           Treatmentمعالجة                                    X-rayأشعة إكس                                         Medicineطب                                          Medicalطبي

Advanceتقدم                                           Magazineمجلة                                        Problemمشكلة                                         Reasonسبب                                            Happinessسعادة                                      Compositionقطعة كتابة                              Instead ofبدلا من                                      The internet الانترنت                                Directionsاتجاهات                                     South جنوب                                            Northشمال                                              Eastشرق                                                Westغرب                                              Stoneحجر                                               Exactlyبالضبط                                         Discussيناقش

Information معلومات                               Interesting شيق                                      Lazyكسول                                                Tombمقبرة                                             Pharaohsالفراعنه                                     Kingملك                                                 Queenملكة                                             The pyramidsالاهرامات                            Huge ضخم                                             Shineيشرق                                             Brightly ساطع                                         Stepدرجة                                               Equipmentمعدات                                    Pieceقطعة                                              Woodخشب                                              Pullيجر/ يشد

 

Vocabulary

·       Modern (adj.) using new methods, designs or equipment.

·       Ancient (adj.) happening or existing many hundreds of years ago.

·       Wonder (n.) something that is very impressive.

·       Invent (v.) to make, design or produce something for the first time.

·       Inventor (n.) someone who makes, designs or produces new things.

·       Invention (n.) something that has been invented.

·       Pollution (n.) damage caused to the environment by harmful chemicals and waste.

·       Important (adj.) having a big effect or influence.

·       Opinion (n.) what you think about a subject or situation.

·       Agree (v.) to have the same opinion about something.

·       Disagree (v.) to have a different opinion from someone else.

·       Refer to (v.) to mention someone or something.

·       Superlative adjectives (n.) the form of adjectives that you use when saying that someone or something is the biggest, best, worst.

·       Tower (n.) a tall narrow building, or a tall narrow part of a castle.

·       Photograph (n.) a picture that is made using a camera.

·       Inside (adj.) on or facing the inside of something.

·       Outside (adj.) not inside a building.

·       Patient (n.) someone who is being treated by a doctor or a nurse.

·       Machine (n.) a piece of equipment that uses power such as electricity to do a job.

·       Heart (n.0 the organ inside your chest that pumps blood around your body.

·       Bright (adj.) shinning strongly or full of light.

·       Danger (n.) the possibility that someone or something will be harmed.

·       Communicate (v.) to exchange information with other people using words, letters, telephones.

·       Communication (n.) the process of exchanging information or ideas by speaking or writing.

·       Electricity (n.) the power that is carried by wires and used to provide light or make machines work.

·       Station (n.) a building where trains or buses stop so that the passengers can get on and off or where the begin or end their journey.

·       Damage (n.) physical harm done to do something so that it is broken or spoiled.

·       Lighthouse (n.)  a tower with a bright light that warns ships of danger.

·       Connect (v.) to join two places or things together.

·       Enormous (adj.) extremely big.

·       Space (n.) the area outside the Earth’s air where the stars and planets are.

·       Farming (n.)  the practice or business of keeping animals or growing crops on a farm.

·       Produce (v.) to grow or make something.

·       Statue (n.) a stone, metal object that has been made to look like a person or animal.

·       Possible (adj.) can be done.

·       Impossible (adj.) not able to be done or to happen.

·       Add (v.) to put something with something else or with a group of other things.

·       Bill (n.) a list of things you have bought or services you have used and the amount you have to pay for them.

·       Shopping (n.) the activity of going to shops to buy things.

·       Ordinary (adj.) not special, unusual, or different from other things.

·       Extra-ordinary (adj.) strange, unusual or surprising, special.

·       Treatment (n.) something that doctors, nurses do to try to cure an illness or injury for example giving someone drugs or an operation.

·       X-ray (n.) a beam of radiation that can go through solid objects and is used for photographing the inside of the body.

·       Medicine (n.) a substance for treating an illness, especially one that you drink. The treatment and the study of illness and injuries.

·       Medical (adj.) relating to medicine and the treatment of disease or injury.

·       Advance (n.) if you do something in advance, you do it so that something is ready or available at the time in the future when it will be needed.

·       Magazine (n.) a large thin book with a paper cover, which is sold every week or every month.

·       Problem (n.) a difficult situation that you have deal with.

·       Reason (n.) the fact that explains why something happens or exists.

·       Happiness(n.) when someone is happy.

·       Composition (n.) a short piece of writing about a subject by a student.

·       Instead of (adv.) in the place of someone or something else.

·       The internet (n.) a system that allows people using computers around the world to exchange.

·       Information (n.) facts or details about a situation, person, event.

·       Lazy (adj.) someone who is lazy does not like working or doing things that need effort.

·       Interesting (adj.) unusual or exciting in a way that keeps your attention.

·       Tomb (n.) a grave especially a large one.

·       Pharaohs .(n.) rulers of ancient Egypt.

·       King (n.) a man from a royal family who rules a country.

·       Queen (n.) the female ruler of a country or the wife of the king.

·       The pyramids (n.) ancient stone buildings with four walls shaped like triangles that slope to a point at the top.

·       Huge (adj.) extremely large.

·       Shine (v.) to produce light.

·       Bright (adj.) shining strongly or full of light.

·       Step (n.) the surfaces that you walk on when you are going up or down stairs.

·       Directions (n.) the place or point towards which someone or something moves, faces or is aimed.

·       Stone (n.)  a small rock or piece of rock.

·       Exactly (adv.) used to say an amount or number is completely correct.

·       Equipment (n.) the things that are used for a particular activity.

·       Pull (v.) to hold something firmly and move it towards you or move it in a particular direction.

·       Piece (n.) a part of something that has been separated or broken off from the rest of it.

·       Wood (n.) a material made from trees.

·       Discuss (v.) to talk about something with someone in order to exchange ideas or decide something.

 

 

Reading

Read and answer:

Wonders of the modern world

          Hundreds of years ago, a list was made of the Seven Wonders of the World. The lighthouse at Alexandria and the Great Pyramid of Giza were among them. The others were buildings or large statues. But what are the wonders of the modern world? Let’s look at two of the most important wonders which are not buildings.

          Thirty years ago, computers were huge, expensive machines which filled rooms. Hardly anyone could buy them because they cost so much. Today, however, there are millions of cheap computers in offices and homes across the world. In some countries, many ordinary people have bought one or more computers, which are connected by the internet to shops, banks and offices. More and more people are shopping, paying their bills, studying and doing many other things by computer.

          During the last hundred years, there have also been enormous advances in medical treatment. X-rays, for example, make it possible to see what is happening inside our bodies. Doctors can also replace damaged hearts and lungs. No other science has done more to increase our health and happiness.

          There are other wonders that can be added to this list, such as space travel and new ways of framing which produce better food. We will look at these next week.  

 

Answer the following questions:

1-    What were the seven wonders of the ancient world?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the article again and complete the sentences:

1-    In the past, computers were much more ………………..and bigger than they are now.

2-    Now computers are so cheap that many ……………….people can buy them for their homes.

3-    Doctors can take photographs inside our bodies using ……………….

4-    If people’s hearts are damaged, doctors can ………………them.

5-    Medical advances have helped to make people healthier and……………..

 

 

 

Listening

Listen and complete:

Listen and complete the table with the information you hear.

	Magdi	Nahla	Hussein
Invention	Plane
Good points	Cairo-London in four hours
Bad points	pollution

 

 

Writing

Write a paragraph about: (at least 10 lines)

Inventions bring problems as well as happiness.

Choose an invention and write about it.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

 

Speaking

Speak about one of the important inventions “Television”

How has it brought happiness?

How has it brought problems?

 

 

 

Grammar

 

 

Indefinite Articles: a and an

"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. For example:

·       "My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog. We don't know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.

·       "Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available.

·       "When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!" Here, we're talking about a single, non-specific thing, in this case an elephant. There are probably several elephants at the zoo, but there's only one we're talking about here.

 

Using  aor andepends on the sound that begins the next word.

·       a+ singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike

·       an+ singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan

·       a+ singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used);                             a university; a unicycle

·       an+ nouns starting with silent "h": an hour

·       a+ nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse

 

 

Definite Article: the

The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:

·       "The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.

·       "I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman because it is the one who saved the cat.

·       "I saw the elephant at the zoo." Here, we're talking about a specific noun. Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo.

 

Use the before:

·       names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific

·       points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole

·       geographical areas: the Middle East, the West

·       deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian Gulf

·       inventions: the computer, the radio

·       the unique nouns: the sun, the moon

·       the musical instrument: the piano, the guitar

·       the monuments: the pyramids, the valley of the kings

·       adjectives to refer to plural noun: the rich, the poor, the needy

·       places of entertainment: the cinema, the theatre

 

Do not use the before:

·       names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, the United States

·       names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami

·       names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.

·       names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes

·       names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges of mountains like the Andes or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matterhorn

·       names of continents (Asia, Europe)

·       names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West) except with island chains like the Aleutians, the Hebrides, or the Canary Islands

 

 

Choose the correct articles:

1-    My father is ( a / the ) doctor. In fact, he’s one of ( a/ the ) best doctors in our town. ( A/ The ) town I’m talking about is Damietta.

2-    You shouldn’t look at ( a/ the ) sun. it can damage your eyes.

3-    Yesterday I found ( a/the ) mobile phone in the road. Later, my friend Hussein said he’d lost ( a/ the ) phone. When I showed him ( a / the ) phone that I’d found, he said it was (a/ the) one he’d lost.

4-    (A/ The) Nile is (a/the) longest river in the world.