Phobia خوف مرضي                             Fear خوف                                          Afraid of خائف من                               Frightened خائف بشده                          Dizzy دوخة                                        Panicذعر                                           Get over يتغلب على                              Avoid يتجنب                                        Illness مرض                                      Extremely بشدة                                  Spiders عناكب                                    Dollsعرائس                                       Overcrowded مزدحم                           Space فضاء                                       Elevator مصعد                                    Floor دور                                           Ancient قديم                                      Modern حديث                                    Dusty به غبار                                      Stone حجر                                         Ideas أفكار                                             Medicine أدوية/ طب                             Remember يتذكر                                Forget ينسى                                       Disappoint يخيب الأمال                        Exchange يبدل                                   Questionnaireاستبيان

Customer زبون                             Client عميل                                      Shop assistant بائع                            Patient مريض                                  Therapist أخصائي علاج                       Criminal مجرم                                   Police officer ضابط شرطة                    Student طالب                                   Teacher معلم                                     Treatment معالجة                              Worried قلق                                      Affect يؤثر                                        Effect تأثير                                        Situation موقف                                  Reason سبب                                       Heights مرتفعات                                  Mountain جبل                                   Irrational غير معقول                            Session جلسة                                      Virtual فعلي                                       Bridge كوبري/ جسر                             Relaxيسترخي                                        Possible ممكن                                   Pick up يلتقط                                     Remain يظل                                     Controlيسيطر                                    Hurt يصيب                                        Percent نسبة مئوية

 

Vocabulary

·       Phobia (n.) a strong unreasonable fear of something.

·       Fear (n.) the feeling you get when you are afraid or worried that something bad will happen.

·       Afraid of (adj.) frightened because you think someone or something is unpleasant or will hurt you.

·       Frightened (adj.) feeling afraid because you think something bad is going to happen.

·       Dizzy (adj.) feeling that you are losing your balance, for example, because you have been spinning round or you are ill.

·       Panic (n.) a sudden strong feeling of fear or anxiety that makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly.

·       Avoid (v.) to make sure that something bad does not happen.

·       Get over (v.) to finish doing something as quickly as possible because you find it unpleasant.

·       Illness (n.) a disease of your body or mind or the state of having a disease.

·       Extremely (adv.) to a very great degree.

·       Spider (n.) a small creature with eight legs that makes nets of sticky threads to catch insects.

·       Doll (n.)  a toy that looks like a small child of person.

·       Overcrowded (adj.) filled with too many people.

·       Space (n.) an empty area that is used for a particular purpose. The amount of an area, room, container that is empty or available to be used.

·       Elevator (n.) a machine in a building that takes people up or down from one level to another.

·       Floor (n.) one of the levels in a building.

·       Ancient (adj.) happening or existing many hundreds of years ago.

·       Modern (adj.) using new methods, designs or equipment.

·       Dusty (adj.) covered or filled with dust.

·       Stone (n.) a small rock or piece of rock.

·       Idea (n.) a plan or suggestion especially one you think of suddenly.

·       Customer (n.) someone who buys goods or services from a shop or company.

·       Client (n.) someone who pays a person or organization for services or advice.

·       Shop assistant (n.) someone who works in a shop selling things and helping customers.

·       Patient (n.) someone who is being treated by a doctor.

·       Therapist (n.) someone whose job is to do a particular type of therapy.

·       Criminal (n.) someone who is proved guilty of a crime.

·       Police officer (n.) a member of the police.

·       Student (n.) someone who studies at a school or university.

·       Teacher (n.) someone whose job is to teach.

·       Treatment (n.) something that doctors and nurses do to try to cure an illness or injury.

·       Worried (adj.) not feeling happy or relaxed because you keep thinking about a problem or something that might happen.

·       Affect (v.) to cause a change in someone or something or to change the situation they are in.

·       Effect (n.) the way something is affected , changed or influenced by something else.

·       Situation (n.) the combination of all the things that are happening and all the conditions that exist at a particular time and place.

·       Reason (n.) the fact that explains why something happens or exists.

·       Heights (n.) a high position or place.

·       Mountain (n.) a very high hill.

·       Irrational (adj.) not reasonable.

·       Session (n.) a period of time used for a particular purpose especially by a group of people.

·       Virtual (adj.) used to say that something is almost  true.

·       Bridge (n.) a structure built over a river, road so that people oe vehicles can cross it.

·       Relax (v.) to become more calm, comfortable and less worried.

·       Medicine (n.) a substance for treating an illness. The treatment and the study of illness and injuries.

·       Possible (adj.) that can be done.

·       Pick up (v.) to left someone or something.

·       Remain (v.) to continue in the same way or condition.

·       Control (v.) the ability to  remain calm, even when you are angry or excited.

·       Hurt (v.) to make yourself or someone else feel pain.

·       Percent (adj./adv.) equal number of parts in every hundred.

·       Disappoint (v.) to make someone unhappy because something you hoped for did not happen or was not as good as you expected.

·       Remember (v.) to have in your memory people, places and events from the past.

·       Forget (v.) to be unable to remember information, something that happened or how to do something.

·       Questionnaire (n.) a set of written questions answered by a large number of people that is used to provide information.

·       Exchange (v.) to give something to someone who gives you something else.

 

 

 

Reading

Before you read. Check the meaning of these words in your Active Study Dictionary.

Affect          irrational          session           situation        therapist                virtual

 

Treatments for phobias

          Phobias are not just extreme fears- they are irrational fears. They can affect people’s lives and make them frightened to do things which most people do without thinking. For example, if you have a fear of heights, you may drive 40 kilometers to avoid a high bridge.

          The usual treatment is to slow show the person who has the phobia what they fear. For example, a person with a spider phobia first thinks about a spider, then looks at photographs of spiders, and finally looks at a real spider. The therapist who is giving the treatment remains calm and helps the patient to relax. The person with the phobia feels in control of the situation and because of this, they do not panic. After a few sessions, they realize that the thing they are afraid of cannot hurt them.

          In another treatment, the therapist gets close to the spider and picks it up without showing any fear. This helps the patient to see that he or she has nothing to fear.

          Some phobias can be treated in a few sessions with the therapist. Some people with phobias need medicine to help them relax before treatment. Treatment can be done in groups where people with the same phobia are helped together. It is also possible to have treatment from a computer program, where the patient is put into a virtual situation with the thing he or she fears.

 

Read and complete:

Read the article again and complete the sentences:

groups         heights         irrational            panic            situation               therapist

 

1-Someone with a fear of …………….would not climb a tall tree or mountain.

2-Phobias are …………….fears: there is no reason for the person to be so afraid.

3-Some treatment puts people into the ……..they are afraid of.

4-The patients do not ………………..because they are always in control.

5-Sometimes the ……………..shows the patient that the situation they fear will not hurt them.

6-Ometimes people with the same phobia are treated in………………

 

Answer the following questions:

1-How is a phobia different from a fear?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-What kinds of things are people commonly afraid of?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-Why is it important for the patients with phobias to relax?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-Why do you think it takes a few sessions for patients to realize they do not need to be afraid?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

Writing  

Write a paragraph about an unusual phobia .

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

 

 

 

Speaking

Do you know the meaning of (Exam Phobia)?

It doesn’t matter how clever you are or how hard you work, you have probably felt worried before an exam.

Can you discuss this kind of phobia?

Try to find out about the reasons of exam phobia.

What is the treatment of it?

What is the advice of the experiments?

 

 

Listening

Listen and answer:

You will hear four people talking about their phobias. What is each person frightened of?

1-……………….2-…………………..3-……………………4-…………………….

 

Listen and answer:

Listen again. Are these statements True or False?

a   Truefals   The first speaker’s father was afraid of spiders.

b   Truefals    He likes visiting old buildings.

c   Truefals    The second speaker has been afraid of dolls since she was a baby.

d  Truefals    She has never got over this phobia.

e  Truefals    The third speaker was travelling when he realized he had a phobia.

f  Truefals    The speaker now avoids small or overcrowded places.

g Truefals     The fourth speaker is afraid of all kinds of shops..

h Truefals     She does not like open spaces.

 

 

 

Grammar

 

There are several modal verbs used to show possibility. They
are Might, May, Could, and Must. All of these are different
ways to say maybe.

 

STRUCTURE
 

Modal Verb + Base Verb
 

Examples:

·         I   may   eatdinner at 7:00pm.

·         She   might   worklate tonight.

·         They   must   betired.

 

May shows possibility in the present or the future.

Present: Where are my keys? They may be in the car.

Future: I may go to the party tonight.

Might showspossibility in the present or future.

·         Where are my keys? They might be in the car.

·         I might go to the party tonight.

 

Could shows that something is possible in the present or future.

Present: Where are my keys? They could be in the car.
 

Future: We could go to the party tonight.

 

Must  shows certainty, or the belief of certainty, from the speaker.

Everyone is wearing a jacket. It must be cold.