Unit 1 Famous Egyptian

Famous مشهور

Astronaut =space man رائد فضاء

Space ship= space craft سفينة فضاء

Head mistress ناظرة

Head master ناظر

Programme=program برنامج

Magazine مجلة

Geology علم الأرض

Geologist عالم جيولوجيا

Soil تربة

Underground تحت الأرض(جوفي)

The underground مترو الأنفاق

Quality جودة

Quantity كمية

Expert خبير

Remote بعيد/ نائي

Remote sensing الاستشعار عن بعد

Satellite قمر صناعي

Advice نصائح

Advise ينصح

Character شخصية

Feminist ناشطة حقوقية

Educate يعلم

Education تعليم

Educational تعليمي

Educationalist خبير تعليم

Project مشروع

Activity نشاط

Land أرض

Land يهبط

Collect يجمع

Rocks صخور

University جامعة

College كلية

Faculty كلية

Institute معهد

Nation امة

National قومي

International دولي

Local محلي

Independent مستقل

Champion بطل

Championship بطولة

Competition منافسة

Hero بطل

Heroine بطلة

Cheerful مرح

Cheerless كئيب

Brave شجاع

Beautiful جميل

Careful حريص

Careless مهمل

Skillful ماهر

Different مختلف

Enjoyable ممتع

Excited منفعل

Fit لائق

Friendly ودود

Funny مضحك

Great عظيم

Generous كريم

Amount كم

Suitable مناسب

Hard-working يعمل بجد

Helpful متعاون

Important هام

Value قيمة

Manner= behavior سلوك

Popular شعبي/ معروف

Popularity شعبية

Statue تمثال

Archaeologist عالم أثار

Ancient قديم

Modern حديث

Ceremony احتفال رسمي

Party حفلة

Prize جائزة

Museum متحف

The Rosetta stone حجر رشيد

The femto second الفيمتو ثانية

Atmosphere الغلاف الجوي

Author مؤلف

Writer كاتب

Novelist روائي

Poet شاعر

Discover يكتشف

Invent يخترع

Explore يستكشف

Vocabulary

^{_{·Famous(adj) very well known}}

^{_{·Head master (n.) The teacher in charge of a school.(male)}}

^{_{·Head mistess (n) The teacher in charge of a school (female)}}

^{_{·Programme=program (n.) a list of performer or things to be performed at a concert, a theatre . a complete show or performance.}}

^{_{·Astronaut (n.) a person who travels in a spacecraft.}}

^{_{·Geology (n.) The study of the materials which make up the earth.}}

^{_{·Geologist (n.) the person who studies the materials which make up the earth.}}

^{_{·Space (n.)what is outside the earth’s air, where other heavenly bodies move.}}

^{_{·Space craft (n.) a vehicle able to travel in space. (unmanned)}}

^{_{·Spaceship (n.) vehicle able to travel in space and carriage people.}}

^{_{·Space station (n.) a building in space that is a centre for a particular service for space vehicles.}}

^{_{·Soil (n.) the top covering of the earth in which plants grow.}}

^{_{·Underground (adj.) below the surface of the earth.}}

^{_{·Underground (n.) = subway (n.) a railway system in which the trains run in passages under the surface of the ground.}}

^{_{·Quantity(n.) an amount or number.}}

^{_{·Expert (n.) a person with special knowledge or training.}}

^{_{·Remote (adj.) widely separated, not close.}}

^{_{·Sense (v.) to have a feeling without being told directly.}}

^{_{·Remote sensing (n.) is the use of satellites to find water under deserts.}}

^{_{·Satellite (n.) a heavenly body or man-made object which moves around a larger one(a planet)}}

^{_{·Advice (n.) opinion given by one person to another on how that other should behave or act.}}

^{_{·Advise(v.) to tell somebody what one thinks should be done.}}

^{_{·Ex) Mum gave me some wise advice.}}

^{_{·Ex) Mum advised me wisely.}}

^{_{·Educate (v.) to teach, train the character or mind.}}

^{_{·Education(n.) teaching or the training of mind and character.}}

^{_{·Educational (adj.) providing education}}

^{_{·Educationist = educationalist (n.) a specialist in education}}

^{_{·Project (n.) a plan for work or activity of any kind.}}

^{_{·Land (n.) the solid dry part of the earth’s surface.}}

^{_{·Land (v.) to settle, come to rest, or fall.}}

^{_{·Ex) The plane landed successfully.}}

^{_{· Ex) After a week at sea, the sailors saw land.}}

^{_{·Collect (v.)to bring or gather together.}}

^{_{·Rocks (n.) stones forming part of the earth’s surface.}}

^{_{·University (n.) a place of education at the highest level where degrees are given}}

^{_{·Nation (n.) a large group of people living in one area and having an independent government.}}

^{_{·Nation (n.) a large group of people with the same race and language.}}

^{_{·National (adj.) concerning or belonging to a nation.}}

^{_{·International (adj.) between nations, concerning more than one nation. Internationally. (adv.)}}

^{_{·Championship (n.) a competition held to find the champion.}}

^{_{·Champion (n.) a person or animal who has won competitions of courage, strength or skill.}}

^{_{· Cheerful (adj.)happy(adj.) in a good spirit.Cheerfully(adv.)cheerfulness (n.)}}

^{_{·Cheerless (adj.) dull, sad or without comfort.}}

^{_{·Ex) He is a cheerful person.}}

^{_{·Brave (adj.) courageous, fearless and ready to suffer danger or pain. Bravely (adv.) bravery (n.)}}

^{_{·Beautiful (adj.) having beauty. Beautifully (adv.)}}

^{_{·Calm (adj.) quiet, free from excitement. Calmly. (adv.)}}

^{_{·Careful (adj.) taking care with intention of avoiding danger. Carefully (adj.) carefulness (n.)}}

^{_{·Careless (adj.) not taking care, inattentive. Carelessly(adv.)carelessness (n.)}}

^{_{·Clever (adj.) quick at learning and understanding, having a quick, skillful and able mind or body. Cleverly (adv.) cleverness (n.)}}

^{_{·Different (adj.) unlike, not of the same kind. differently (adv.)}}

^{_{·Enjoyable (adj.) pleasant}}

^{_{·Exciting (adj.) that excites one ≠ unexciting}}

^{_{·Excited (adj.) full of strong , pleasant feeling. Excitedly (adv.)}}

^{_{·Ex) He was excited.}}

^{_{·Ex) The movie was exciting.}}

^{_{·Fit (adj.) right and suitable in good health or bodily condition . ≠ unfit}}

^{_{·Friendly (adj.) kind, generous, ready to help or ready to act as a friend. ≠ unfriendly.}}

^{_{·Funny (adj.) amusing, causing laughter.}}

^{_{·Great (adj.) of excellent quality or ability , large in amount or degree , important}}

^{_{·Helpful (adj.) willing to help, useful. ≠ Unhelpful. Helpfully (adv.) Helpfulness (n.)}}

^{_{·Important (adj.) having great effect, value. ≠ Unimportant .}}

^{_{·Interesting (adj.) which takes and keeps one’s interest. ≠ uninteresting. Interestingly (adv.)}}

^{_{·Interested (adj.) concerned, having or showing interest. ≠ uninterested . uninterestedly (adv.)}}

^{_{·Ordinary (adj.) usual , common . ≠ extraordinary . ordinariness (n.)}}

^{_{·Polite (adj.) having or showing good manners, consideration for others and correct social behavior}}

^{_{·≠ impolite . politely (adv.) politeness (n.)}}

^{_{·Popular (adj.) favoured by many people . ≠ unpopular}}

^{_{·Popularity (n.) the quality or state of being well liked , favoured or admired. ≠unpopularity.}}

^{_{·Strong (adj.) having a degree of power ≠ weak.}}

^{_{·Statue (n.) a likeness of a person or animal, made in stone or metal.}}

^{_{·Archaeologist (n.) the person who studies the buried remains of ancient times such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.}}

Reading

^{_{Thank you, Dr. Farouk El-Baz}}

^{_{It only rains every 20-50 years in the Western Dessert. However, two millions years ago, very heavy rain fell there and a huge quantity of water collected under the desert sand. Today, we need this water and the person we have to thank for finding it is one of Egypt’s most famous men, Dr.Farouk El-Baz.}}

^{_{Remote sensing}}

^{_{Dr. Farouk El-Baz, who is a space scientist and a geologist, is the director of remote sensing at Boston University in the USA. He is the world’s greatest expert in remote sensing: the use of satellite to find water under deserts. Underground water was found in the Western Desert and in Sinai thanks to photographs which he took from satellites.}}

^{_{From 1967 to 1973, Dr.El-Baz worked on the American Apollo space project, which landed men on the moon. He gave advice on where the astronauts should land, and told them how to collect rocks and soil on the moon.}}

^{_{Dr. El-Baz was born in Zagazig in 1938 and was educated at Ain Shams University.}}

Grammar

The Present Simple Tense

Formation

يتكون المضارع البسيط من المصدر بدون to و في بعض الحالات يضاف sأو es

He I

She verb + s or es You v.inf.

It We

They

* نضيف esمع الأفعال التي تنتهي بـ ss, sh, ch, o, x, بشرط أن تكون هذه الأفعال مع الضمائر He, She, It أو مع الأسماء التي تحل محل هذه الضمائر.

Ex) go: goes mix: mixes pass: passes

wash: washes watch: watches

*الأفعال التي تنتهي بـyبعد حرف ساكن تحول فيهل الـyالى Iويضاف إليها esأما إذا كان قبل الـ yحرف متحرك فإن الـ yتظل كما هي و يضاف إليها s.

Ex) play: plays cry: cries

و الحروف المتحركة هي:( a, e, o, u,i)

Usage

للتعبير عن حقيقة علميةScientific fact.

* The water freezes at 0ºC.

للتعبير عن عادةhabitأو عن أعمال تكررrepeatedly.

* I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.

للتعبير عن القدرةability.

* Ahmed speaks English well.

لوصف الأشخاص والأشياء.

* The weather is fine today.

في الحكم و الأمثال proverbs.

* The end justifies the means.

key words

فترة زمنيةEvery + دائما ً Alwaysعادة Usually أبدا Never من آن لاّخر Occasionally

في بعض الأحيان Sometimes غالباً Often بوجه عام generally نادرا Scarcely, rarely

Negative

في حالة نفي المضارع البسيط نقوم باستخدام don’tأوdoesn’t.

نستخدم don’tمع الأفعال inf.أما doesn’tمع الأفعال المضاف لها sأو es.

Ex) I don’t use the car everyday.

Ann doesn’t often drink tea.

Grammar

The Past Simple Tense

Formation

* يتكون الماضي البسيط من المصدر بدو to مضافا إليه dأو ed. وهناك أفعال شاذة يتم تصريفها

تصريف خاص . الماضي البسيط هو التصريف الثاني للفعل.

v.inf. + d or ed

Ex) move: moved wash: washed speak: spoke buy: bought

* إذا كان الفعل ينتهي بحرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف متحرك يضاعف الحرف الساكن في الماضي.

Ex) Travel: travelled stop: stopped

* إذا كان الفعل ينتهي بـyمسبوقة بحرف ساكن تحول الـyالى Iو يضاف إليها ed .

Ex) study: studied cry: cried

* إذا كان الفعل ينتهي بـyمسبوقة بحرف متحرك تبقى كما هي و يضاف إليها ed.

Ex) play: played stay: stayed

Usage

1- للتعبير عن حدث وقع و انتهى في الماضي.

* He visited Luxor last week.

2- للتعبير عن عادة في الماضي.

* The Ancient Egyptians worshipped the sun.

key words

في الماضي in the past أمس yesterdayالماضي last

ago ذات مرة onceفي قديم الزمن in the ancient times

Negative

· في حالة نفي الماضي البسيط نقوم باستخدام did notأوdidn’t+ v.inf.

Ex) I didn’t go to Egypt last year.

Conjugation Of Irregular Verbs

Past Participle	Past	Present	Verb
arisen awoke born borne beaten become befallen begun bent bet bidden bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built burnt burst bought caught chosen clung come cost cut crept dealt dug done	arose awoke bore bore beat became befell began bent bet bade bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burnt burst bought caught chose clung came cost cut crept dealt dug did	arise awake bear bear beat become befall begin bend bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build burn burst buy catch choose cling come cost cut creep deal dig Do	ينهض / ينشأ يستيقظ يلد يحمل/ يتحمل يضرب / يهزم يصبح / يصير يحدث لـ يبدأ / يبتدئ يلوي / يثني يراهن يأمر / يقول يربط يعض ينزف يهب / ينفخ يكسر يربي يحضر يذيع يبني يحرق / يحترق ينفجر يشتري يمسك يختار يتعلق يأتي / يحضر يكلف / يساوي يقطع يزحف يتعامل يحفر يفعل
Past Participle	Past	Present	Verb
Drawn Dreamt Drunk Driven Dwelt Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Foretold Fought Found Fled Flung Flown Forbidden Forgotten Forgiven Frozen Got Given Gone Ground Grown Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Knelt Known Laid	Drew Dreamt Drank Drove Dwelt Ate Fell Fed Felt Foretold Fought Found Fled Flung Flew Forbade Forgot Forgave Froze Got Gave Went Ground Drew Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept Knelt Knew Laid	Draw Dream Drink Drive Dwell Eat Fall Feed Feel Foretell Fight Find Flee Fling Fly Forbid Forget Forgive Freeze Get Give Go Grind Grow Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep Kneel Know Lay	يرسم / يجر / يسحب يحلم يشرب يجر/يسوق يسكن يأكل يقع / يسقط يطعم / يغذي يشعر بـ يتنبأ بـ يحارب يجد / يعثر على يهرب يقذف بقوة يطير يمنع ينسي يعفو عن يتجمد يحصل على يعطي يذهب يطحن ينمو / يزرع يعلق يملك يسمع يختبئ / يخبئ يضرب يتسع لـ / يمسك يؤذي / يضر يحفظ / يصون يركع يعلم / يعرف يضع
Past Participle	Past	Present	Verb
Leapt Learnt Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Mistaken Misunderstood Outrun Overcome Overthrown Paid Put Read Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn Shaken Shed Shone Shed Shown	Leapt Learnt Left Lent Let Lay Lit Lost Made Meant Met Mistook Misunderstood Outran Overcame Overthrew Paid Put Read Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shed Shone Shot Showed	Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Mistake Misunderstand Outrun Overcome Overthrow Pay Put Read Ride Ring Rise Run Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shed Shine Shoot Show	يقفز يتعلم يترك يقرض / يسلف يدع / يؤجر يرقد يشعل / يضئ يفقد يصنع / يجعل يعني / يقصد يقابل يخطئ يسئ الفهم يتفوق على يتغلب على يطيح بـ يدفع يضع يقرأ يركب يدق يشرق يجري يقول يرى يبحث عن يبيع يرسل يغرب يحيك / يخيط يهز يذرف / يسفك يلمع / يضئ يطلق يبين
Past Participle	Past	Present	Verb
Sung Sunk Sat Slain Slept Slid Smelt Sown Spoken Spelt Spent Spilt Spun Split Spoilt Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck Stung Stridden Struck Sworn Swept Swollen Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thrown Thrust	Sang Sank Sat Slew Slept Slid Smelt Sowed Spoke Spelt Spent Spilt Spun Spilt Spoilt Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck Stung Strode Struck Swore Swept Swelled Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Threw Thrust	Sing Sink Sit Slay Sleep Slide Smell Sow Speak Spell Spend Spill Spin Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick Sting Stride Strike Swear Sweep Swell Swim Swing Take Teach tear tell think throw thrust	يغني يغوص / يغرق يجلس يذبح ينام ينزلق يشم يبذر يتكلم يتهجى يصرف يسكب يغزل يشق يفسد ينشر يقفز يقف يسرق يلصق يلدغ يخطو يخبط / يضرب يقسم يكنس يتورم يسبح يتأرجح يأخذ يعلم يمزق يخبر يظن / يعتقد يقذف يدفع
Past Participle	Past	Present	Verb
Undertaken Trodden Undergone Understood Woke Worn Woven Wept Won Wound Withdrawn Withstood Wrung written	Undertook Trod Underwent Understood Woke Wore Wove Wept Won Wound Withdrew Withstood Wrung wrote	Undertake tread undergo understand Wake Wear Weave Weep Win Wind Withdraw Withstand Wring write	يتعهد بـ يدوس / يطأ يمر بـ / يقاسي يفهم يستيقظ يرتدي / يلبس ينسج يبكي يربح / يكسب يلف / يربط ينسحب يتحمل يعصر يكتب